MIDDLE AGES HUNA POPE ROPUI BERPAKHAT, GREGORY VII

-Lalvensanga Khawlhring

A hming hmasa chu Hildebrand a ni a. Pope Leo IX-na in France-a monastery of Cluny a\angin 1049-ah Rome-a Cardinal ni turin a ko va, chuta \ang chuan Pope lal\hutthleng a luah thlengin mi pawimawh leh langsâr, Pope hote advisor rinawm a ni zui ta a ni.

Hildebrand-a hian Pope Leo IX-na chu Pope lal\hutthleng châwisânna kawngah a pui nasa hle a; Clunaic reform an tih, Monastery leh chumiin a ken tel tih dân phungte dinthar lehna kawngah pawh a hruaitu zîngah a tel.

Kum 1056-ah Cardinal Humbert-an Simony (Kohhrana nihna leh dinhmun lei leh hralh emaw, chutiang chang tura sum inpêk chu “Simony” tih a ni) dodalna lehkhabu a chhuah a, hei bâkah hian Investiture (kohhrana nihna, Pope dinhmun meuh pawh pêk theihna hi Emperor kutah a awm \hîn a) pawh na taka sawi sêlin, “sualna bawlhhlawh tak a ni” a ti a. Kohhrana nihna pêk thua sawrkar a inrawlh chu a dodal a ni.

Pope Nicholas II-na leh Hildebrand-a te chuan Humbert-a duhthusam chu a takin an rawn kalpui chho ta a. Sawidan \henkhatah chuan Pope Leo IX-na hnûah khân Hildebrand-a hi Pope dawt leh ni tura an beisei \hup a ni tawh a, chutiang khawp chuan huhâng a nei lian tawh a ni. Pope chungnunna tura kawng sial zêlin Italy chhim lama Normans hote a thurualpui a, hei hian Pope sipai tha chakna a pui nasa hle.

Kum 1061-a Pope Nicholas II-na a’n boral chuan Emperor chuan Hildebrand-a thil tum dodaltu tur Pope ruat a tum a. Mahse Feudal Lords hovin Emperor \an chhiatna chu remchanga hmangin sawrkar leh a candidate chu an dodal a, Hildebrand-a candidate Anselm of Baggio chu Pope Alexander II-na ni turin thlan tlin a ni ta a ni. Anni pahnih hian France lal nên inremna siamin, hei hian Feudal Lords ho tukdaihna kawngah a pui hle. Chutiangin Spain te, England te pawh Rome kohhran hnuaiah an khalh khâwm thei ta zêl a ni. Tichuan Pope chuan thawhpui leh lam\ang a ngah ta hle tihna a nih chu.

Kum 1073-ah Hildebrand-a chu Pope Gregory VII-na ni turin thlan a ni ta a, Pope nihna leh a dinhmun chungchanga a ngaihdan chu hetiang hian chiang takin a sawi:

“Rom Kohhran hi Pathian din liau liau a ni a; Rome-a Pope chauh hi dikna nêna mitin huap tia chhâl theih awmchhun chu a ni; amah chauhvin Lalber thuneihna chhinchhiahna (imperial insignia) a hmang thei a; Lal zawng zawngin a kephah chauh chu an fâwp tûr a ni; Emperor te pawh a paihthla thei a; amah chu tumahin ro an rêlsak thei lo. Rom Kohhran hian a tisual ngai lo va, chatuan pawhin a tisual ngai hek lovang.” [Lars P. Qualben, A History of the Christian Church, 1958, p.169]

Pope thlan thar chuan siam \hatna kalpuiin hma a rawn la ta tak itak a. Kum 1074-ah Lateran synod hmangin Clergy zawng zawng tan nupui neih khapna (celibacy) chu fîr taka lekkawh tur a ni tiin thupek a chhuah a. Hei hi a dam laiin lekkawh tak tak ni chiah lo mahsela, kohhrana dinhmun inrochun ang chî chu a rawn nuai bo vangin, Pope-in clergy chunga thu a neihna a tihchak phah hle.

A kum leh 1075-ah, kohhran rorêl (Lateran synod) hmang bawk chuan thupêk a chhuah leh a; “Bishop nihna emaw, sakhaw rawngbawltute inkulhna (abbey) a ni emaw, kohhran a ni emaw, tù puithiam (clergy) mahnih sakhaw thuneitu ni lo, Lal emaw Emperor hnên a\ang pawhin an dawng tûr a ni lo,” tiin. Hei hi ‘Investiture Controversy’ lo in\anna chu a ni ta a ni. He thupek hian tûn hma eng emaw chen atanga an lo tih \hin dân chu a rawn hnâwl taa, kohhran chunga Emperor thuneihna chu a hnâwl a ni.

Chu chuan Emperor Henry IV chu a ti thinur ngang mai; rang takin Pope Gregory VII na chu a nihna a\anga a paih thlâk thû a puang ta a, chu mi chhân lêt nân Pope chuan Emperor chu kohhran a\angin a hnawtchhuak ve ta hmiah mai a ni. Hûhàng a neih len êm avâng leh, thurualpui Lal leh roreltu eng emaw zah a neih tawh avângin kohhrana hnawhchhuah a nihna chuan Emperor dinhmun chuan a tiderthâwng phâk ta hial a. Lal (prince) hoten hnawhchhuah a nih champha phâk hma ngeia Pope ngaihdamna a chan loh chuan siam \hat rual loh chhiatnain a nang ang a, a lalram hial pawh a chân ang an tihsak avangin, Pope inkulh lailâwkna hmun Italy hmâr lama Canossa hmun chu a pan ta ngat ngat mai a ni.

Canossa hi tlâng zum leh hriam tak hmuna awm a ni a, hetih lai hian thlasik chu a vîn hle. Vûr sûr leh thli thaw vûk vûk maite chuan kawng leh hma lam pawh chu hmuh hleih theih lohvin a siam a. Henry IV-na leh a hote chuan duh thlan tûr dang nei miau hek lo le, nun thâpin chu kawng chu harsa takin an zawh chhuak a, eng emaw zâtin nunna an chân nghe nghe. A tâwpa tâwpah Pope Gregory VII-na awmna hmun Canossa chu an va thleng ta a. Emperor chu Canossa kulh pâwnah chuan a Lal thuamte hlîp thlain, inchhîrna silhfên nên, ke lâwng ngawtin khaw vâwt kârah Pope ngaihdamna beiseiin a awm ta a ni. Ni 3 chhûng chu Pope chuan a lo hmu duh lo va; ni 3 pumhlûm zet chu chutiang chuan pâwn khawvâwtah Emperor chu khawngaihna beiseiin a ding ta a nih chu! Kulh chhûng lamah pawh Pope chêt dân chu “chapothlâk leh lainatna nei lo” tiin phunnawina a tam ve hle niin sawi a ni.

Ni 3 hnuah chuan Pope chuan a hmaa inlan a phalsak a, hnawhchhuah a nihna pawh chu a hlihsak ta a ni. He mi hnû hian Pope leh Emperor hian buaina an nei zui leh a, a mualphona namai lo tak chu Emperor hian thungrulh a duh a ni. A \um hnih nân kohhran a\angin Pope chuan a hnawtchhuak leh a, ni mahse, Lal chuan a chan a lo siam \hat tawh avangin Pope chu Rome a\angin a ûm chhuak ta a ni [Emperor hian amah thlâwptu bishop hote hmangin a ûm chhuak ni tea sawi a ni].

A tlanchhiatna hmunah chuan May 25, 1085 ah Pope Gregory VII-na chu a thi zui ta a, a thih dâwna a kamchhuak hnuhnûng ber chu: “Rorelna dik ka ngainat avâng leh dik lohna ka huat thin avângin hnawhchhuah ka nihnaah ka thi ta a ni” tih a ni. Kum 1606 khân Roman Catholic kohhran chuan amah chawimawi nân mithianghlim (Saint)-ah an lo puang tawh a, vawiin thleng hian anni hi chuan: “Champion of the Church’s freedom against state intrusion” (Kohrana sawrkar inrawlh lui dodala kohhran zalenna sual chhuaktu) tiin an la ngaihlu hle a ni.

Kristian kohhran chu zirtirte hun a\angin a lo thang lian chho zêl a, Emperor Constantine-a hun a\ang phei chuan a lo lian ta hluai kan ti thei ang. Mahse a tîra a mâwina leh a thianghlimna te chu a hloh hret hret a, thutak chu bo hlen dêr lo mahse nasa taka suasam a ni a. Kohhran pawhin a mission dik tak “thlarau bo chhandam” lam ai chuan khawvêla ropuina leh thuneihna te chu a lo engto ta zâwk hial a ni. Isua chuan Kaisara thil leh Pathian thil te chu a pêkna tura pe mai tûrin min zirtir a (Marka 22:17), Ani chuan fel takin a \hen hrang mai a ni. Sakhuana leh sawrkarna chawmfin hi thil hlauhawm tak, tihduhdahna leh tawrhna thlentu a ni tih history-ah chiang takin a lang.

*A ziaktu: Evangelist Lalvensanga hi Champhai North Circle
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